C 语言多维数组详解：二维与三维数组实战

C 语言多维数组详解

本教程通过示例讲解二维、三维数组的声明、初始化、遍历、矩阵运算与温度统计等实战应用。

C 语言可创建数组的数组，即多维数组。例如：

float x[3][4];

x 为二维数组，可容纳 12 个元素。可视为 3 行 4 列的表格。

同样可声明三维数组：

float y[2][4][3];

y 可容纳 24 个元素。

多维数组初始化

二维数组初始化

// 不同方式初始化二维数组
int c[2][3] = {{1, 3, 0}, {-1, 5, 9}};
int c[][3] = {{1, 3, 0}, {-1, 5, 9}};
int c[2][3] = {1, 3, 0, -1, 5, 9};

三维数组初始化

三维数组初始化方式类似：

int test[2][3][4] = {
    {{3, 4, 2, 3}, {0, -3, 9, 11}, {23, 12, 23, 2}},
    {{13, 4, 56, 3}, {5, 9, 3, 5}, {3, 1, 4, 9}}
};

示例 1：二维数组存储并打印两城市一周温度

// 存储并显示两城市一周温度
#include <stdio.h>
const int CITY = 2;
const int WEEK = 7;
int main() {
    int temperature[CITY][WEEK];
    // 嵌套循环存储
    for (int i = 0; i < CITY; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < WEEK; ++j) {
            printf("City %d, Day %d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
            scanf("%d", &temperature[i][j]);
        }
    }
    printf("\nDisplaying values:\n\n");
    // 嵌套循环显示
    for (int i = 0; i < CITY; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < WEEK; ++j) {
            printf("City %d, Day %d = %d\n", i + 1, j + 1, temperature[i][j]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

输出

City 1, Day 1: 33
City 1, Day 2: 34
City 1, Day 3: 35
City 1, Day 4: 33
City 1, Day 5: 32
City 1, Day 6: 31
City 1, Day 7: 30
City 2, Day 1: 23
City 2, Day 2: 22
City 2, Day 3: 21
City 2, Day 4: 24
City 2, Day 5: 22
City 2, Day 6: 25
City 2, Day 7: 26
Displaying values:
City 1, Day 1 = 33
City 1, Day 2 = 34
City 1, Day 3 = 35
City 1, Day 4 = 33
City 1, Day 5 = 32
City 1, Day 6 = 31
City 1, Day 7 = 30
City 2, Day 1 = 23
City 2, Day 2 = 22
City 2, Day 3 = 21
City 2, Day 4 = 24
City 2, Day 5 = 22
City 2, Day 6 = 25
City 2, Day 7 = 26

示例 2：两个 2x2 矩阵求和

// 计算两个 2x2 矩阵之和
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    float a[2][2], b[2][2], result[2][2];
    // 输入第一矩阵
    printf("Enter elements of 1st matrix\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
            printf("Enter a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
            scanf("%f", &a[i][j]);
        }
    // 输入第二矩阵
    printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrix\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
            printf("Enter b%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
            scanf("%f", &b[i][j]);
        }
    // 对应元素相加
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j)
            result[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
    // 显示结果
    printf("\nSum Of Matrix:");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
            printf("%.1f\t", result[i][j]);
            if (j == 1) printf("\n");
        }
    return 0;
}

输出

Enter elements of 1st matrix
Enter a11: 2; Enter a12: 0.5; Enter a21: -1.1; Enter a22: 2;
Enter elements of 2nd matrix
Enter b11: 0.2; Enter b12: 0; Enter b21: 0.23; Enter b22: 23;
Sum Of Matrix:
2.2     0.5
-0.9    25.0

示例 3：三维数组存储并打印 12 个值

// 存储并打印用户输入的 12 个值
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
    int test[2][3][2];
    printf("Enter 12 values: \n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                scanf("%d", &test[i][j][k]);
            }
        }
    }
    // 带下标打印
    printf("\nDisplaying values:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                printf("test[%d][%d][%d] = %d\n", i, j, k, test[i][j][k]);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

输出

Enter 12 values: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Displaying Values:
test[0][0][0] = 1
test[0][0][1] = 2
test[0][1][0] = 3
test[0][1][1] = 4
test[0][2][0] = 5
test[0][2][1] = 6
test[1][0][0] = 7
test[1][0][1] = 8
test[1][1][0] = 9
test[1][1][1] = 10
test[1][2][0] = 11
test[1][2][1] = 12