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机器人镁焊接自动化

焊镁用于一次制造或维修。

属性

密度约为每立方厘米 1.74 克(每立方英寸 0.063 磅)的镁合金,当以铸造形式与铝、锰、稀土、钍、锌或锆合金时,显示出高强度重量比,使其成为材料每当减轻重量很重要或必须减少惯性力(对于快速移动的机器零件)时都是首选。镁大约占钢重量的 20%,铝重量的 67%。镁铸件具有显着的阻尼能力。

安全

必须了解并遵守安全预防措施。镁很容易氧化。如果它以机加工车屑或粉末的形式被点燃,它会剧烈燃烧。加工必须在受控条件下进行,并配备灭火剂。

规格

特点

焊接镁合金比其他材料需要更少的热量来熔化。然而,由于高导热性和热膨胀系数,它们容易变形。必须采取充分的预防措施。

合金元素

由于镁的机械强度太低而不能直接使用,因此必须将其与其他元素混合以提高性能。 Mg-Al-Zn 合金组包含铝、锰和锌,它们是室温应用中最常见的合金元素。合金元素钍、铈和锆(不含铝)用于高温,形成 Mg-Zn-Zr 族。

合金含量的增加降低了熔点,扩大了熔化范围并增加了焊缝开裂倾向。高合金含量需要更少的熔化热量并限制晶粒长大,显示出更高的镁焊接效率。

进程

焊接镁通常使用反极性(电极正极)直流电的电弧工艺进行。锻造合金通常比某些铸造合金更易焊接。

熔化极气体保护焊镁 (GMAW) 或金属惰性气体保护焊 (MIG) 的金属转移模式
用于焊接镁的气体保护钨极电弧 (GTAW) 也称为钨极惰性气体保护 (TIG)

Electron Beam welding magnesium has been used for repairing expensive casting on alloys containing less than 1% Zinc. The relative weldability of the different magnesium alloys is similar to that displayed for the more common arc processes.

The conditions have to be strictly monitored because of the danger of developing voids and porosity due to the low boiling point of Magnesium and the still lower one of Zinc. A slightly defocused beam may help to obtain sound welds.

Laser Beam is a preferred method for welding magnesium because of its low heat input, elevated speed and limited deformation. However this method has a tendency of developing porosity.

Resistance welding magnesium for either spots or seams is performed on wrought alloys like sheets and extrusions, essentially with equipment and conditions similar to those used for aluminum.

Repairing Castings:One of the most common Welding magnesium applications is repairing castings either as cast or after service. Preparation is important and should exclude contamination from extraneous materials. Generous bevels should be prepared to allow for full penetration.

Preheating:The need for preheating when welding magnesium is dictated by the degree of joint restraint and by metal thickness:for thick walls and a short welding bead, it may not be required. Preheating should be performed in a furnace with a protective atmosphere for reducing oxidation. One of the recommended procedures to minimize weld cracking is to weld from the center towards the sides (one half after the other). Thermal shocks should be avoided.


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