播客:联网汽车革命已经到来了吗?探索当今的汽车连接
Home / IoT Insights / 播客:联网汽车革命是否终于到来,还是我们仍处于中立状态?
2025年11月27日
主持人吉姆·莫里什 Transforma 见解 携热门科技播客回归 ,芭芭拉·帕雷利奥 (Barbara Pareglio) 加入 ,GSMA 高级技术总监兼智能移动主管 和尼克·鲍尔 ,Cubic³ 首席产品和技术官 。他们共同探讨汽车连接如何将驾驶体验从信息娱乐和 eCall 转变为 V2X 和自动驾驶汽车。嘉宾们揭秘了全球监管的错综复杂、非地面网络的兴起以及汽车软件定义带来的日益严峻的网络安全挑战。
另外, 了解一名记者如何意外引发一波 Alexa 玩具屋订单,以及乘坐中国最新的机器人出租车是什么感觉。
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吉姆·莫里什: 大家好,欢迎收听这个趋势科技播客,这是与 IoT Now 合作的 GSMA 智能移动播客系列的第三版,欢迎世界各地的所有人收听。我叫吉姆·莫里什 (Jim Morrish)。我是 Transforma Insights 公司的联合创始人之一。我们是一家行业分析师公司,专注于与数字化转型相关的所有事情。本期播客由 GSMA 协会高级技术总监兼智能移动主管 Barbara Pareglio 参与。
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 嗨。很高兴见到你,也很高兴再次来到这里。
吉姆·莫里什: 很高兴您回来,Barbara 和我还有 Nick Power,他是 Cubic³ 的首席产品和技术官。
尼克·鲍尔: 嗨,吉姆。谢谢你邀请我参加。
吉姆·莫里什: 太棒了。感谢您加入我们,正如我之前提到的,这是与 GSMA 协会合作的播客系列中的第三个,该系列探讨了以蜂窝技术为重点的数字化转型。
我们的上一集重点关注海洋 [00:01:00] 背景,特别是划船,但今天我们重点关注汽车。显然,高质量的蜂窝连接对于这个市场来说越来越重要,而且您知道,电信和汽车行业已经在联网汽车的连接方面投入了数十亿美元,包括车辆平台中的 5G 部署和 V2X 通信以及不断发展的驾驶员体验。
然而,全球格局在许多方面仍然有些分散,特别是在监管环境、安全政策和安全法规方面。世界上一些地区正在领先,另一些地区刚刚结束试点阶段,从车辆本身的角度来看,该行业的领先优势与十年前相比几乎无法辨认,电动汽车市场越来越以技术和传动系统平台为特征。
与此同时,新兴的 V2V 和 V2X 或车对车和车对一切技术有望降低氧气消耗量、减少能源或燃料消耗以及提高 [00:02:00] 交通流量效率。但道路上的现实却非常复杂。欧盟乘用车的平均车龄略高于 12 年。这与美国没有太大区别,但在中国这样的市场,平均为 5.1 年。所以,世界各地的情况有所不同。所以我想问题是,联网汽车革命是否终于到来,还是我们仍然处于中立状态?我们将通过这个播客讨论其中的许多主题,芭芭拉,尼克,很高兴有你们作为嘉宾来讨论这些事情。
但在我们开始讨论联网汽车这个话题之前,让我们快速浏览一下已经发现的严肃的科技新闻故事,我想特别是尼克发现的,然后我们将在播客末尾的“科技是什么”部分回顾一些轻松的新闻。尼克,您为我们找到的严肃科技新闻报道是什么?
尼克·鲍尔: 是的,我想这是上周、几周前发生的亚马逊宕机事件,它凸显了将基础设施整合到亚马逊、Azure 和谷歌云这三大提供商中的普遍现象,因此,随着越来越多的公司将其基础设施投入其中,你必须[00:03:00]小心确保即使在这些平台上也有内置的冗余,因为宕机消除了信号,它消除了社交媒体平台 Snapchats。它淘汰了 Roblox、游戏平台 Duolingo。它摧毁了许多银行,甚至连环门铃也被摧毁。
因此,世界各地有很多公司和服务受到了这次中断的影响,因此,在规划基础设施时,我们必须开始考虑,对基础设施进行地理冗余,这一点很重要。所以。
吉姆·莫里什: 绝对的。芭芭拉,你发现同样的故事了吗?
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 嗯,这个故事流传相当广,显然在业界,因为影响相当大。但事实上,正如您所提到的,特别是当我们谈论汽车时,拥有弹性或冗余网络非常重要。你不希望出现这样的情况:他们因为一个单点故障而阻止任何停止。所以,是的。因此,提前规划、规划正确的架构、正确的连接非常重要,拥有备份、冗余,真的非常重要。在核心方面,我想说的是汽车[00:04:00]行业。
吉姆·莫里什: 是的,我有一些类似的想法,你们都提到了弹性和冗余。有些评论是在我想的时候,嗯,我不会说是谁,但是有一个组织的首席执行官基本上说,“嘿,我们能做什么?由于行业的集中,我们只能在这个地方举办。”正如你们俩所说,答案是弹性和冗余以及对这些潜在事件的规划,这些事件确实会对成本和人们准备支付的费用产生影响。
尼克·鲍尔: 正是如此。是的。
吉姆·莫里什: 对于最终用户和消费者来说,存在一个问题。但谢谢你,非常有趣的故事。老实说,这是很难避免的。我确信我们个人都在某种程度上受到了它的影响。但我们应该做的是继续讨论汽车行业背景下的蜂窝连接。作为建议的起点,让我们看看全球联网汽车市场的现状。
芭芭拉,我可以从你开始吗?您对目前的现状有何看法?
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 我认为现在我们仍然看到越来越多的车辆联网。所以,新的或新的车辆的生产,它们[00:05:00]总是有联系的。他们总是有一张 SIM 卡,即使不是两到三张,你知道,这不是问题。我认为问题更多的是目前连接的用途。
例如,在欧洲,你有平等的强制性义务,因此你需要有专门的服务。但是,呃,支持紧急呼叫,这在其他国家是没有强制要求的。所以,可以说,这是一个不同的起点。然后,您还希望拥有用于车辆跟踪、功能的通用连接,或者您可能还希望添加信息娱乐功能。因此,这取决于您想要获得服务的距离或地点。正如我所说,我想说,欧洲有很多互联互通,但主要是由监管合规性驱动的。而在世界其他地方,它可能更多地受到信息娱乐的驱动,然后呃,世界上的一些地方介于两者之间。
所以你两者都有一点。所以我们看到不同的方向,不同的用法。尽管如此,我还是想说 [00:06:00] 还有很大的改进和调整的空间。但是,是的,我不知道。尼克,从你的角度来看,你可能会看到什么,因为你可能比我更了解混乱的情况?
尼克·鲍尔: 是的,我看到的是汽车正在从 A 发展到 B。所以现在一切都与车内体验有关。所以汽车的概念是第三个空间,是你的客厅和你的客厅的延伸,所以你的家和你的办公室需要越来越多的软件来获得这种体验,对吗?就像手机上的软件数量一样,当您从办公室转移到家里时,这会创造出连续性的体验,反之亦然。对于你的汽车来说,正如芭芭拉所说,很多都是围绕信息娱乐和个性化进行的。我想是中国人,我想芭芭拉,你在中国,但我四月份想去那里访问,拜访了很多原始设备制造商。我参观了上海车展,你可以看到他们正在围绕这辆车作为生活空间来改变模型,对吧?因此,当汽车停放时,您会看到前排座椅可以旋转。所以你们可以进行这些对话。你会看到,后座 [00:07:00] 变成了懒惰的男孩,投影仪降下来,这样你就可以看电影了。
我什至看到了一辆车,但它不是概念车。它将于今年明年初登陆欧洲,那里的前灯会变成户外电影的投影仪,对吗?因此,他们现在确实开始开拓这种类型的产品,并且未来将越来越受到消费者的期待。
这将需要更多的软件、更多的软件更新,这就是为什么连接在这里如此重要,然后我们将看到 NTN。因此,对于非地面网络,当您进入低覆盖区域时,这种情况会变得更加普遍。这项技术还没有真正实现。
目前它的带宽非常低,但将来它必须迎头赶上。因此您可以拥有这种无处不在的连接。无论你走到哪里,都不会再有死角。
吉姆·莫里什: 所以,我们真正要做的是,我们正在从广泛的情况迁移到今天左右,日期因市场而异,显然中国处于领先地位,汽车故事一直是关于单点解决方案的,你可以拥有车内娱乐,你可以拥有平等的,你可以远程打开你的气候控制到[00:08:00]网络效应驱动的互联环境,我想这才是事情真正起飞的地方。
尼克·鲍尔: 是的。是的。
吉姆·莫里什: 好的。非常有趣。因此,任何联网车辆战略的关键考虑因素之一,我的意思是,无论你把车停在哪里,规划这些移动装置都是很棒的,我认为这是一个很棒的想法,但最关键的考虑因素之一是监管环境,我相信这些在世界各地往往会发生变化。那么尼克,您对汽车原始设备制造商在全球提案中面临的最重大的监管挑战有何看法?
尼克·鲍尔: 是的,你看,芭芭拉提到了电子电话,但除此之外,你还受到了永久漫游禁令。所以很多联网汽车都是建立在漫游基础上的,但现在你会看到更多的永久漫游禁令。所以你不能在国内漫游超过 60、90 天。因此,您必须使用本地网络,在某些司法管辖区,这是为了保护电信运营商的收入。你知道,因为他们必须在基础设施上投入大量资金。然后你就有了数据隐私法。对数据的使用方式、数据主权进行严格保护,将数据保存在一个国家内,特别是在许多中东国家、中国、美国。
你可以进行诸如 [00:09:00] 合法拦截之类的事情,政府机构必须能够查看与汽车之间的通信。所以语音、互联网、数据、短信。在土耳其等国家/地区,eSIM 配置文件的管理技术必须本地化,因此必须由半国家机构、设备认证、测试和签署来完成。此外,原始设备制造商不能被视为电信公司。因此,当他们向用户出售消费者服务时,他们必须确保不能出售必须出售服务本身的数据,并且存在一些灰色地带,原始设备制造商必须非常小心。
然后,各个司法管辖区不断变化的法规以及国内某些基础设施的细微差别,以及欧盟在 U.N. R 1 55 中通过的新网络安全法,这意味着汽车必须在车辆的整个生命周期内联网,对吧。那么这已经超过10年了,对吧?这适用于所有软件更新,我们可能稍后会讨论它,但是,这只是不断变化的情况。这是持续的[00:10:00]变化。未来几年,将会有越来越多的监管出台,尤其是在汽车领域。
吉姆·莫里什: 是的,让我特别印象深刻的事情之一是,这不是一个固定的监管环境。它改变了。我特别强调的是您在土耳其提到的一件事以及 eSIM 运营。因此,令我震惊的是,世界各地的许多监管机构都会对永久漫游实施禁令。
但那是因为这是他们迫使人们在自己的国家参与和建立业务的工具。然后,您知道,一旦 eSIM 出现,土耳其就会说:“现在您必须在土耳其拥有 eSIM 基础设施”。所以你会得到这种不断变化的法规效应。
但芭芭拉,我认为 GSMA 已经对汽车监管准备情况进行了调查,不是吗?并进行了研究,您对此有何看法?
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 是的,不。正如我们提到的,监管有很多不同的方面。因此,除了传统的汽车监管之外,这不是我们 GSMA 关注的重点。我们试图了解的是哪些相关的关键领域。假设 [00:11:00] 连接的上下文。正如你已经提到的尼克,现在显然是漫游,如果我可以拥有永久漫游,那么什么类型的漫游,我们实际上已经做了很多工作,或者确实尝试将消费者的规则与我们所认为的物联网的规则脱钩,在这种类型的解决方案中,你制造一些东西,你需要从制造点进行连接,所以它确实是不同的。但正如我们提到的其他方面,不同国家之间是平等的,而且采用情况也一样,所以频谱或 CV2X 或车对车通信、车对基础设施和车对网络的规则是什么。因此,存在碎片化的解决方案。仍然存在一些协调,但仍然存在一些分歧,如果我们想说的是,我想说中国已经选择了蜂窝方向,美国最近选择了蜂窝方向,然后我们有欧洲,传统上我们就像一个开放市场。它可供选择。因此[00:12:00] 没有单一的决定。有不同的解决方案是不可能的,与世界其他地区相比,这会造成一点延迟。因此,这是我们关注并试图了解的一些领域,例如基准,哪个国家遥遥领先或哪个国家正在迎头赶上,以及有哪些差异?所以我们和GSMA移动智库合作来了解不同的国家,呃,他们的立场是什么?我相信目前我们只有 15 个国家。呃,我们尝试着看 15 个国家,在那里我们看到了最多的景点。
这包括一些欧洲市场、一些美国市场和一些亚洲市场。只是给大家举个例子,所以没有提到中国作为比较,因为正如我们所说,中国已经相当先进了。但你可以考虑一下日本、韩国、澳大利亚、英国、法国、德国等一些国家,只是为了进行比较,看看我们的得分在哪里,以及我们可能需要在哪里多加关注。
吉姆·莫里什: 那么,您甚至在欧洲内部 [00:13:00] 是否也发现了碎片化?你在那里提到了法国和德国。它们是相同的还是略有不同?
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 嗯,我想说欧洲国家内部有很多相似之处。也许会有一些延迟或采用不同的东西,但法规几乎完全相同,因为它们都属于欧盟委员会类型的裁决。当然,英国不再是其中的一部分,但区别也不是太大。所以存在细微的差异,但这可能是他们拥有的所有频谱数量,而不是说是否有相同的细节,嗯,或者法规是什么?因此,更多的是关于我们为 CV2X 采用了多少频谱的具体细节。
吉姆·莫里什: 并且有可能以不同的方式发展。因此,正式的运作方式是,欧盟成员国计划实施的法规或制定的文本,因为法规是在欧盟层面制定的,但[00:14:00]欧盟国家实际实施这些法规的方式可能略有不同,这也是一个基准。例如,我们在西班牙看到,当你发生故障时,他们不会有一个警告三角形,而是必须有一些像连接的小灯一样的东西,你可以放在汽车顶部,这些灯都是 NB-IoT 连接的,这只是西班牙的解决方案。
因此,即使在您所期望的同质环境中出现碎片。 Nick 再次强调,Cubic³ 是全球领先的车辆互联服务提供商之一,到目前为止,我们已经确定对话环境极其复杂,需要考虑许多不同的因素,甚至细化到各个国家/地区级别。 OEM 如何应对所有这些挑战?
尼克·鲍尔: 他们已经尝试过了。我认为很多 OEM 或许多 OEM 都尝试过自己做到这一点,但如果你仔细想想,Cubic³ 提供了对全球约 220 多个国家和地区的约 550 多个移动网络的访问,对吗?因此,我们位于原始设备制造商和所有移动网络运营商之间。我们拥有所有这些关系。因此,如果您是 OEM,那么这是一个非常难以驾驭的 [00:15:00] 局面,您知道,这不是您的核心业务,对吧?如果你想一想,你想在德国制造一辆汽车,你想把它连接到蜂窝网络上,在装配线上进行测试,更新软件,然后你把它放在船上,把它运到世界的另一边,运到一个可能没有漫游、有本地化基础设施的国家,诸如此类的东西。那么,OEM 真的会承担这一切吗? Cubic³ 可以做到这一切。因此,我们在需要的国家提供法人实体。因为这也是另一个监管噩梦。有时你必须在该国拥有一个实际的物理实体。我们提供专用基础设施,专门用于法律要求的国家/地区的汽车。本地化是我们的专长。我们可能是本地配置文件、本地网络集成的领先提供商之一。我们现在有很多这样的人。因此,我们不仅仅依赖于某些提供商所做的漫游灰色区域。我们也代表 OEM 销售服务。您知道,我们提供网上商店和各种门户网站等东西,消费者可以代表我们进入并购买 OEM 的服务,对吗?所以我们实际上是电信运营商、卖家。所以我们从他们手中夺走了合法的 [00:16:00] 部分。我们进行合法拦截,因此我们必须为此制定定制解决方案。还有很多其他事情可以帮助设备认证,与 MNO 和 OEM 合作,让设备在各国的网络上获得认证。而且,你知道,虽然我们拥有平台和全球网络,但我们始终认为我们的专业知识就是我们的产品,对吧?
因此,全球各地的监管专业知识是我们最擅长的,我们帮助原始设备制造商解决这些问题,更快地进入市场并保持合规性。
吉姆·莫里什: 当然,你在那里提到了很多事情,但我想强调一点,特别是那些本地实体、本地承包、本地计费。这可能是一个极其复杂的领域。我记得有一次我看过这个,我不知道情况是否仍然如此,但肯定有一点是,如果你在韩国向消费者发送发票,你需要在该发票中包含一个代码,发票的接收者可以使用该代码来参加一些国家彩票,并且它被简单地配置为一种使海外提供商难以进入市场并向市场内的公司开具发票的方式。
所以这个领域有很多复杂性。继续讨论 [00:17:00] 其他主题。我认为我们在不考虑安全性的情况下讨论数字化转型和互联设备就被忽略了,而且我确信从安全角度来看,汽车环境特别复杂且具有挑战性,或者至少我当然希望如此。
那么 Nick,汽车领域的网络安全趋势是什么?原始设备制造商在网络安全方面面临哪些挑战?
尼克·鲍尔: 是的。我之前提到欧盟采用的R 1 55是联合国规定汽车保持连接10年以上,原因是汽车提供了很多。更大的攻击面积。所以有更多的攻击入口点,如果你看一下其中的一些入口点,对吧,那么你就找到了可以拦截信号的关键,对吧?这样你就可以解锁汽车、启动汽车并偷窃它。用于解锁、远程解锁和启动的应用程序,可以再次被黑客入侵以进行汽车盗窃,然后您就得到了每个人都担心的应用程序,对吗?这是车辆的遥控器。所以你能够控制某些行为,你知道,汽车以每小时这么多英里的速度沿着高速公路行驶,你能够控制它、撞车等等。
这是[00:18:00]人们担心的,但这是一种非常复杂的攻击。即使是按键和应用程序测试也非常复杂,而且奖励也较低,对吗?因为这是针对汽车的个人攻击。真正的目标在数据中,对吧?这就是黑客会关注的地方。好吧,我可以侵入蜂窝网络并通过该网络拦截数据,对吧?这样我就可以获得一百万辆汽车,而不是少数。我可以再次侵入后端远程信息处理平台或 OTA 平台,访问数据并能够与汽车通信或在汽车上放置恶意软件。那么勒索软件,你可以禁用整个车队,直到 OEM 支付赎金或间谍软件,你可以在 OEM 或消费者甚至不知道你正在获取数据的情况下窃取数据,对吗?因此,所有这些都会导致攻击面越来越大,因此您将看到更多的安全补丁 OTA 更新,就像手机或笔记本电脑上的更新一样。
汽车必须这样做,这就是这项规定出台的原因,我认为这是他们将面临的最大挑战之一。
吉姆·莫里什: 有趣的是,随着我们发展到网络效应驱动的车载服务的采用,[00:19:00]随之而来的是我们今天面临的个人电脑、手机等各种威胁。
尼克·鲍尔: 是的。
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 如果我可以说它也非常重要,因为它是一个环境,但传统上,他们从来不需要有需要升级的软件。通常他们会证明车辆是完整的,然后将其运送出去,并且不会再碰它。这是一个相当大的变化,我不仅在汽车领域看到它,而且在其他领域也看到了这一点,你知道,就像在航空或其他地方一样,当我的软件发生变化时,监管机构很难理解如何建立一个框架,所以它正在认证这方面,但确实非常重要的是,我们确实必须进行软件升级和补丁,因为这是一个非常动态的环境。所以这是非常相关的。
吉姆·莫里什: 绝对的。我的意思是,例如,欧盟网络弹性法案规定设备上的软件必须被跟踪、审计、可审计并保持最新。但我的意思是,总体而言,芭芭拉,在审视了监管环境 [00:20:00] 后,这一挑战有多少将由法规涵盖,而汽车原始设备制造商遵守这些法规,而这其中有多少更多的是原始设备制造商的积极参与,确保他们首先提供符合法规的解决方案。但同样,超出了真正安全的范围。
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 是的,这很难说,因为汽车是一个传统的监管环境,但当然在现阶段,因为技术的速度要快得多,我认为我们不能总是等待监管,所以,它正在发生一些变化。我们试试,提前一点做事,确实有意义。从连接的角度来看,我们也尝试做类似的事情,比如了解我们可以在哪里发挥作用,以及我们可以在哪里提供支持以提供弹性或安全攻击。但现在是双重的,我想说,不是完全等待监管,然后我们 [00:21:00] 实施它,我认为我看到越来越多的 OEM 试图实施一些行业驱动的解决方案,而不是监管驱动的解决方案。这可以通过关联或其他关联来完成,您可以看到它们有助于理解或如何做到这一点。这些都是非常相关的。正如我所说,这只是因为我们在这项技术中看到的速度变化的本质,更多地基于软件,而且,你知道,对于软件定义的车辆,我们本质上必须更快一点。所以希望我们能取得良好的平衡。目前还很难说界线在哪里。但是,是的,所以我认为我看到越来越多的趋势是由行业驱动而不是纯粹的政策驱动。
吉姆·莫里什: 是的,我想我倾向于同意这一点。尼克,您对汽车原始设备制造商如何最好地驾驭这个不断变化的安全挑战环境有何看法?
尼克·鲍尔: 我们现在看到的更多的是车辆安全运营中心的出现。安全运营[00:22:00]中心在企业IT网络中是相当标准的,对吧?这基本上是笔记本电脑或设备上发生的任何事件,你知道,都会集中到系统中,并且会针对安全行为进行异常检测,对吧?现在这在汽车中很普遍。因此,汽车正在将所有这些数据传回,我们正在寻找汽车本身的异常检测。我们正在与一家道德黑客公司合作,以在汽车遭到黑客攻击时发现网络上的异常情况。这样我们就可以更好地进行自动检测和修复。我们正在构建支持人工智能的异常模式检测产品。因此,我们实际上可以将其提供给 OEM,或者 OEM 可以进行自己的监控,然后我们可以提供实际的补救措施,即在网络上进行隔离。我们还可以限制某些端点来阻止 DDoS 攻击,这种攻击将变得越来越普遍。
我们可以暂停网络上的设备。我们可以限制,我们实际上限制了许多原始设备制造商,他们的汽车可以与什么人对话,以及谁可以与汽车对话。那么,如果恶意软件确实进入,它不会通过网络传播,又是从哪里来的呢?从一辆车到另一辆车。我们对客户流量进行分段,因此将其与其他 [00:23:00] 客户分开。
然后我们可以直接将流量发送到后端,而无需将其发送到公共互联网。所以只是为了保证它的安全。还有很多其他事情可以做。您知道,即使隔离网络上无法再安装安全补丁的旧设备,因为它们的硬件太旧了,无法做到这一点。
这也是我们正在研究的一个领域。因此,供应商必须开始越来越多地考虑这样的事情,原始设备制造商也必须开始考虑。
吉姆·莫里什: 很棒,我的意思是,很有趣。让我们以一些不断发展的主题和非常复杂的方法来管理安全环境,并思考未来会带来什么?那么芭芭拉,这个领域正在出现哪些新技术?这是否因地区而异?
芭芭拉·帕雷利奥: 嗯,也许它没有变化,但是,所以我所看到的,正如我们之前提到的,软件定义的车辆是其中之一。另一个是如何做。可以说,有多少自主权,什么级别的自主权。因此,还要考虑人工智能的引入,人工智能在连接性方面再次有所帮助,呃,我们所处的水平有什么不同? [00:24:00] 他们可以在哪里开车?
例如,在美国,从来没有发生过堵塞,可以说,在道路上尝试或测试自动驾驶汽车是第一个。但我们现在看到中国遥遥领先。所以他们已经在街上有很多机器人出租车了。这就是我们看到的轻微差异。
我们看到的另一个区别是计算方面在哪里,或者做出的决定在哪里,或者车辆被认为是大脑,或者它是一个混合物。所以现阶段,我相信大多数自动驾驶汽车仍然认为一切都是这样,决定是在车内做出的。但连接的使用也有很大不同。我们知道 Waymo 的一个例子,呃,当他们开车接近音乐会或某些活动时,它就卡住了。然后你将网络用作正常连接,因此在拥塞时会尽力而为,然后你就不再有连接了。
因此,如果做出 [00:25:00] 决定,而不是在车辆中,但如果他们需要所需的连接,那么就会产生这些类型的情况。 In other places, we see that the vehicle is completely independent, so it takes decision right there and then so that therefore you have much more computational aspects of power within the vehicle rather than in the cloud.
So those shift where we see from the perspective, as I said, of the connectivity is also where the connectivity plays a role, and what information needs to be transmitted and for which reason? So because you also see this vehicles that are mapping, with LiDar completely the environment, some situation they thinking about the digital twin, but the amount of data that you want to have also for the vehicle itself. So the digital vehicle , it’s still not possible to transmit it as a raw data completed through the network. So there’s a lot of changes that we see also how the role of having, edge computing closer or where should it be, this information, what type of information.
So I think that we’re still gonna see a lot of changes. [00:26:00] But yeah, so this is the, some of the area where I believe we will see some transformation.
Jim Morrish: There’s a couple of key connectivity developments as well, which we’ve kind of touched on a little through this discussion. It’s probably worth just recapping what those are. So first was uh, NTN or Non-Terrestrial Networks, which is kind of a early stage at the moment, but the potential for that is, I believe, quite significant. And V2X, which I guess is in a similar situation. It’s early stage, but potentially quite significant.
Barbara Pareglio: It still, it is there. So just to give you differences, so the V2X obviously started in the era of LTE. So there were some initial V2X in LTE, but because it was quite early, again, there was still a confusion of which protocol to use where, which one would be going forward. Now we have the 5G based type of it where V2X is performing much better.
So I would say that one, obviously we are still at the beginning compared to, to the rest. But then we worked actually in China to publish a document, understanding the situation in China because we believe that in [00:27:00] China is much further ahead on the 5G because the deployment of 5G network in China is quite advanced.
We are already have full coverage pretty much of 5G. So we work with China Industry Innovation Alliance. So for the intelligence connected vehicle together, we publish a document, which has given a little bit of an idea where they see the adoption of C-V2X based on 5G.
So the penetration for uh, V2X is already quite high in China, which is at 90%, as I said, but not 5G based, just overall, while in 2025 we have, on those vehicles, the 30% of penetration and we will probably reach the 95, if I’m not mistaken, in to 2030. So still some work to be done, but it’s ramping up quite rapidly.
Again, hopefully we will see the adoption in U.S. also quite fast is again, is in Europe, is given a two level, the adoption of 5G standalone where we are, and also the changes is quite slow [00:28:00] compared to the rest. So maybe we will see a little bit later. And then, as you mentioned, definitely there’s a lot of attention on the NTN at the moment.
We are on the level to be able maybe to support an emergency message, but the intention is to go much further and have a kind of a, sort of broadband that supports also for the connectivity when there is no coverage. So, but yes, we are still at the beginning.
Jim Morrish: 太棒了。 So that’s a far more, integrated and pervasive connectivity, ecosystem environment, I guess to support these vehicles. Nick, what’s on the horizon for the vehicle OEMs themselves? What are the major challenges in the sector?
Nick Power: What you’re seeing now is, and Barbara mentioned autonomous vehicles, you mentioned robot taxi, so autonomous vehicles are starting to, we’re working with OEMs now. We’re actually working in the space of robot taxis to try and connect them. But what you’re seeing is that even in Europe, it’s gonna be hyper localisation.
So roaming will not work with autonomous, right? So even in the big markets like in Europe where we can roam, but you need reliability of the network. So you [00:29:00] need the local profile. What it’s going to do is it’s gonna drive a whole, a lot more data and a lot more cost to the OEM and OEMs see costs, as, you know, every single cent they spend after they sell a car is a loss to them, right. And so there’s a little bit of a friction, I would say, between the telco operators and the OEMs. Telcos have to invest a lot of money into their infrastructure upfront. The requirements for a vehicle is very different to the requirements for a phone and especially when it gets into autonomous, the amount of data it’s gonna have to use, the amount of OTA packages and the amount of OTAs that’re gonna have to do on the software over time leads to a lot more cost and a lot more infrastructure, right. So that’s the friction that’s started to come in between the two providers, you’ll also see a shift. if you look at the more innovative companies like BYD and Tesla, the innovators and the disruptors in the industry, they built their software stacks up from the ground. They own their whole ecosystem. If you look at the traditional OEMs, they outsourced a lot of that to multiple companies, and there’s so many components in a car that has a software on [00:30:00] delivered by different companies, right? And so stitching all that together and the complexity of that stack has really slowed them down and actually driven a lot of the cost. Um, so it’ll be interesting to see where that goes over time.
Do they try and consolidate? Number of OEMs have created software arms in their companies. Some’s work out, some hasn’t. So it’ll be interesting to see where that ends up in the next few years.
Barbara Pareglio: Yeah, it’s interesting. I noticed indeed a change. The new entrant obviously starts from scratch, so they have maybe that advantage. They think more software based than traditional mechanical and design of the car. But also I was listening to Ford and mention indeed that they needed to set up the complete software environment within, because of that issues that it was so fragmented among all the supplier that that’s made it difficult to have a control of the vehicle in the sense from the software perspective.
So that is a quite complex environment. Definitely to think about it. One thing that I wanted to mention is like I noticed, uh particularly maybe in China is the shift in on the business model, but also to [00:31:00] the consumer. You not just, you sell the vehicle and that’s it, but also trying to figure it out. If there is like a service that is, they can offer with the maintenance, but it has a connectivity package, but everything is included within this package, but it could be insurance or it could be the maintenance and for the vehicle. Did you notice something like this elsewhere or,
Nick Power: Yeah, a lot of the OEMs are trying to monetise services and sell additional services or different components of the car as an op spec, but I think they’ve struggled quite a bit in monetising services. That’s another challenge that they will struggle with. It’s not prevalent and it’s not in the consumer’s mind just yet that they have to pay extra a monthly fee for a feature that’s already in the car. So that’s a kind of a societal shift that’ll have to happen I think, before they can be able to monetise this.
Jim Morrish: 嗯。谢谢。 I mean, it’s been an extremely interesting discussion. We’ve touched on many aspects of complexity within the industry, within the environment that the automotive industry operates, and also, you know, in terms of connecting these [00:32:00] devices, and things that the cellular industry can do in cellular players can do to help.
Um, what I just like to do though is to ask you both just to summarise what you think the key thing, I’ll start with you, Nick, what you think the key things are, that the cellular industry should be doing to really help OEMs and accelerate the adoption of connected vehicles and connect services within those vehicles.
Nick Power: Yeah, so if you look at telcos, they see automotive as just one sliver or one vertical within many that they have, right. That they have to serve. And then the autos, and they work on standards so that everything has to be standardised before it goes into a market and before it goes live. Whereas autos don’t work that way. They work on evolving specs, different models, different brands over time, right? And what we’re trying to do is we’re working with GSMA, we’re working with the 5G AAs, which is the Automotive Association, to try and bring these groups together, telco, and auto together, and try and solve real world problems with real insights, and try and get standards in there so it’s easy for them to manage the regulations going forward, [00:33:00] right? And we’re a member of the 5G AA. We are actually going on the board taking a full board seat in January as well, and so through those associations, I think we can actually move the industry forward and try and move some of that friction between telco operators and the OEMs.
Jim Morrish: 谢谢你。 And Barbara, same question to you. What is it that the cellular industry can really do to help this?
Barbara Pareglio: Well, yeah, so one thing is indeed there’s been a lot of effort to try to understand each other, uh, you know, try to see what are the requirements. And at the moment, as I said, it is so many different networks of different countries has its own different networks. Even if it’s standard, it’s still, there’s differences.
So one area that is also of interest possibly is the fact that we try to create, those API that you can manipulate the connectivity or have a more dynamic request. But instead of having always a fix, let’s say, connections, which is always either at the top, normally you have to ask for the maximum performances and then, but you don’t use always the maximum performance.
So it’s, try to have a little bit [00:34:00] of a flexibility and an ability to have dynamic, changes and being able to support priorities when it’s needed. So that’s something that is happening, you know, right now, because of 5G is also, you know, is more, like architecture permits it to create those kind of environment.
Jim Morrish: 是的。 I think that’s one of the critical aspects of 5G standalone is it takes what has historically been operational technology within a telco and drags it into an information technology environment. So it makes it much more usable from an enterprise perspective. It’s been an incredibly interesting conversation.
I think we’re only out of time, but let’s move on to the closing section. And as promissed at the start of this podcast, we should have the, ‘What the Tech’ segment where we highlight a couple of interesting stories or experiences that we’ve had in the last couple of weeks. Nick, I’m gonna start with you on this one. What news story made you smile or frown or just despair?
Nick Power: Yeah, so it was one about Amazon Alexa and in-house assistant. So this little girl ordered a dollhouse and [00:35:00] actually four pounds of cookies, on Alexa, and the story got picked up by a local news station in San Diego. And the anchor, when he was finishing off the story, he said, I love how the little girl ordered a dollhouse. So had Alexa order me a dollhouse. And he didn’t realise that his viewers would have Alexas in their homes. And when he said, “Alexa order me a dollhouse”, those Alexas started to order dollhouses as well. So it’s just, and because they didn’t have purchase protection on their Alexas, it actually went and ordered doll houses.
So I thought that was quite interesting that he was able to mass buy doll houses all across San Diego.
Jim Morrish: 正是如此。 Well, I hope that people are listening to this podcast on headphones ’cause otherwise, it’ll spread, it’ll cascade around the world as, uh, as people hear this, but it does pretty much tick all the boxes. I thought the four pounds of sugar cookies was a nice touch
Nick Power: 是的。是的。
Jim Morrish: just around that one out.
It does strike me though. I wonder if regulators are gonna have to intervene in terms of the wake up words because, you know, if it’s that easy to trigger an Alexa, I [00:36:00] mean I was thinking what the consequences might be, and you could potentially have a thief who comes up to the front door of a house, opens the letter box, and shouts through it. “Alexa, open the front door” and the front door opens. You know, we really do need to start thinking about security in some of these contexts a little more, I think. Barbara, what caught your eye?
Barbara Pareglio: So it’s not the news, but I wanna maybe share an experience. So I’ve been traveling quite a bit, but I was in Las Vegas, so I had the chance to try an autonomous vehicle, the Zoox, which started just a month ago. So it’s quite new, and then I’m here in China. So today I actually went to try an autonomous vehicle from Baidu, which, in Chendu they only had eight of them.
So it was interesting to find them and to try it out. Uh, completely different system, I have to say. So the Zuki is not a car that looks like a car. It looks more like a box where you have four passengers and they face each other, so you don’t feel like you are in a vehicle or driving a car. And because it’s at the beginning, it’s only go from A to [00:37:00] B. It’s a fixed path, and you will see whether there are the car around the first map, the streets, and then it goes down to the same route. It was quite a nice, interesting, uh, experience, I have to say. Sometimes when he was trying to change or turn, it is bit abrupt. Uh, not as smooth as I thought. But it’s quite safe overall, uh, it wasn’t, uh, driving so fast. If you would try to remove like your seatbelt, it would stop it when we’re near, so at least there are some safety feature in places. You had your, uh, kind of a smartphone you can control, you know, the music or the temperature, all those kind of things. So it is quite a nice, interesting vehicle. The other one I tried here, it’s really a car. It looks more a traditional vehicle. You can book it and, um, it felt very safe, much more controlled in the movement and change of lanes. And we tried it in a six lanes road. So not small, but obviously [00:38:00] exactly not, obviously not many pass. Uh, like bicycles or distraction, let’s say on those aerobic roads. The only, difficulty that I found is the pickup point and the drop off point. So the pickup point again, there are no dedicated zones where they can pick you up or drop you off. So basically drop us off on the as I said, six lane area and next to us there was grass. So we had to jump out and good luck. Uh, so those are the tiny issues, but again, I think it will change when they’re more used to autonomous vehicle. They can have zones where you have the pick up and a drop off because literally you couldn’t have other places, because either is forbidden to park. So he was following the rule, you know, not park where you’re not supposed to. If you have a taxi driver, it would’ve stopped you there, but not,
是的。
and not an autonomous vehicle. So it’s safe. We felt safe. There was no feeling of not being safe. But yeah. So there’s still some more work [00:39:00] to do for being a really usable in a more context, um, in different cities.所以。
Jim Morrish: Yeah, it’s, it’s a fast developing area. What I find particularly interesting about this autonomous vehicle space, is the impact it’s gonna have on society. So when the three of us get to the kind of ages where we’re going to need looking after and porting around and access to hospitals and you find it inconvenience to go in shopping, et cetera, automatic driving vehicles will be quite easy to get hold of. Suddenly there’s a lot less constraint placed that will be placed on our lives in 20, 30 years time. Then there are on the lives of old folks now.
Interesting though we could go on for a long time, but we ought to draw this podcast to a close. What I’d like to do though, just as we do that is, is ask you, Barbara, to tell us a little bit more about the GSMA activities in automotive contexts and just the community that you’ve got going.
Barbara Pareglio: Yeah, no, thank you very much for that. So, yes, just the mayor has a smart belief community. What we try is to share, educate, [00:40:00] all our stakeholders in, the requirements, as we mentioned, understand the other, the two party, on the tables. But what we do is, produce documents or publications case study, but also uh, we advertise to become part of our community. If you’re a member, it’s quite easy. You can join. But if you’re not a member, you wanna keep in touch with us. Please subscribe to our newsletter. We will share all the documentation that we have. We will share news and also we will share this podcast with all our audience so you can keep track of all the activity.
Jim Morrish: 太棒了。 Thank you, and it’s definitely going, a lot going on in the automotive space. As we’ve heard GSMA is very central to many of these developments. So Barbara and Nick, it’s been fantastic for both of you to join us. Thank you so much for doing that, and thank you for taking the time.
But I think at this point, we ought to draw the podcast to a close, and just a reminder that you can subscribe to the TrendingTech podcast in association with IoT Now wherever you found us today and indeed, thank you for joining us, and thank you for [00:41:00] taking the time outta your day to listen to us talk about connected vehicles.
I hope that it was interesting. I’m glad that you are part of our growing audience around the world. We’ll be back with another edition of the TrendingTech podcast soon, focusing on another aspect of digital transformation. So thanks again for joining and bye for now.
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