C#运算符——C#运算符全面指南

C#运算符

探索C#每类运算符，学习如何在代码中高效应用。

运算符是对一个或多个操作数——变量、常量、表达式——执行操作的符号。C#按操作类型分组运算符，如算术、逻辑、位运算等。

1. 基本赋值运算符

赋值运算符（=)将值存入变量。

double x; x = 50.05;

示例1：使用赋值运算符

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class AssignmentOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int firstNumber, secondNumber;
            firstNumber = 10;
            Console.WriteLine("First Number = {0}", firstNumber);
            secondNumber = firstNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("Second Number = {0}", secondNumber);
        }
    }
}

输出：

First Number = 10
Second Number = 10

2. 算术运算符

算术运算符执行数学计算。

int x = 5; int y = 10; int z = x + y; // z = 15

C#算术运算符
运算符	名称	示例
+	加法	6 + 3 = 9
-	减法	10 - 6 = 4
*	乘法	4 * 2 = 8
/	除法	10 / 5 = 2
%	取模（余数）	16 % 3 = 1

示例2：算术运算

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class ArithmeticOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double firstNumber = 14.40, secondNumber = 4.60, result;
            int num1 = 26, num2 = 4, rem;
            result = firstNumber + secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber - secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber * secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} * {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber / secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} / {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            rem = num1 % num2;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} % {1} = {2}", num1, num2, rem);
        }
    }
}

输出：

14.4 + 4.6 = 19
14.4 - 4.6 = 9.8
14.4 * 4.6 = 66.24
14.4 / 4.6 = 3.1304347826087
26 % 4 = 2

3. 关系运算符

比较两个操作数并返回布尔结果。

C#关系运算符
运算符	名称	示例
==	等于	6 == 4 → false
>	大于	3 > -1 → true
<	小于	5 < 3 → false
>=	大于等于	4 >= 4 → true
<=	小于等于	5 <= 3 → false
!=	不等于	10 != 2 → true

示例3：关系检查

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class RelationalOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            bool result;
            int firstNumber = 10, secondNumber = 20;
            result = (firstNumber==secondNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} == {1} 返回 {2}",firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = (firstNumber > secondNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} > {1} 返回 {2}",firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = (firstNumber < secondNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} < {1} 返回 {2}",firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = (firstNumber >= secondNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} >= {1} 返回 {2}",firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = (firstNumber <= secondNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} <= {1} 返回 {2}",firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = (firstNumber != secondNumber);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} != {1} 返回 {2}",firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
        }
    }
}

输出：

10 == 20 返回 False
10 > 20 返回 False
10 < 20 返回 True
10 >= 20 返回 False
10 <= 20 返回 True
10 != 20 返回 True

4. 逻辑运算符

逻辑运算符评估布尔表达式。

C#逻辑运算符
操作数1	操作数2	OR (\|\|)	AND (&&)
true	true	true	true
true	false	true	false
false	true	true	false
false	false	false	false

任一操作数为true，OR运算符产出true。
两操作数均为true，AND才返回true。

示例4：逻辑运算符

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class LogicalOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            bool result;
            int firstNumber = 10, secondNumber = 20;
            result = (firstNumber == secondNumber) || (firstNumber > 5);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            result = (firstNumber == secondNumber) && (firstNumber > 5);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
        }
    }
}

输出：

True
False

5. 一元运算符

一元运算符作用于单个操作数。

C#一元运算符
运算符	名称	描述
+	一元加	符号不变
-	一元减	取反符号
++	自增	加1
--	自减	减1
!	逻辑非	反转布尔值

示例5：一元运算符

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class UnaryOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int number = 10, result;
            bool flag = true;
            result = +number;
            Console.WriteLine("+number = " + result);
            result = -number;
            Console.WriteLine("-number = " + result);
            result = ++number;
            Console.WriteLine("++number = " + result);
            result = --number;
            Console.WriteLine("--number = " + result);
            Console.WriteLine("!flag = " + (!flag));
        }
    }
}

输出：

+number = 10
-number = -10
++number = 11
--number = 10
!flag = False

示例6：前缀与后缀自增

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class UnaryOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int number = 10;
            Console.WriteLine(number++); // 10
            Console.WriteLine(number);   // 11
            Console.WriteLine(++number); // 12
            Console.WriteLine(number);   // 12
        }
    }
}

输出：

6. 三元运算符

三元运算符（? :)将if-else语句压缩为单行。

variable = Condition ? Expression1 : Expression2;

Condition为true时求Expression1；否则用Expression2。

示例7：使用三元运算符

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class TernaryOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int number = 10;
            string result = (number % 2 == 0) ? "Even Number" : "Odd Number";
            Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1}", number, result);
        }
    }
}

输出：

10 is Even Number

深入见C#三元运算符。

7. 位运算与移位运算符

操作整型类型的单个位。

C#位运算与移位运算符
运算符	名称
~	按位取反
&	按位与
\|	按位或
^	按位异或
<<	左移
>>	右移

示例8：位运算

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class BitOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int firstNumber = 10, secondNumber = 20, result;
            result = ~firstNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("~{0} = {1}", firstNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber & secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} & {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber | secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} | {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber ^ secondNumber;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} ^ {1} = {2}", firstNumber, secondNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber << 2;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} << 2 = {1}", firstNumber, result);
            result = firstNumber >> 2;
            Console.WriteLine("{0} >> 2 = {1}", firstNumber, result);
        }
    }
}

输出：

~10 = -11
10 & 20 = 0
10 | 20 = 30
10 ^ 20 = 30
10 << 2 = 40
10 >> 2 = 2

深入见C#位运算与移位运算符指南。

8. 复合赋值运算符

将算术运算与赋值结合。

C#复合赋值运算符
运算符	名称	示例	等价于
+=	加法赋值	`x += 5`	`x = x + 5`
-=	减法赋值	`x -= 5`	`x = x - 5`
*=	乘法赋值	`x *= 5`	`x = x * 5`
/=	除法赋值	`x /= 5`	`x = x / 5`
%=	取模赋值	`x %= 5`	`x = x % 5`
&=	按位与赋值	`x &= 5`	`x = x & 5`
\|=	按位或赋值	`x \|= 5`	`x = x \| 5`
^=	按位异或赋值	`x ^= 5`	`x = x ^ 5`
<<=	左移赋值	`x <<= 5`	`x = x << 5`
>>=	右移赋值	`x >>= 5`	`x = x >> 5`
=>	Lambda运算符	`x => x * x`	返回x平方

示例9：复合赋值用法

using System;
namespace OperatorDemo
{
    class CompoundOperator
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int number = 10;
            number += 5;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number -= 3;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number *= 2;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number /= 3;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number %= 3;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number &= 10;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number |= 14;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number ^= 12;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number <<= 2;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
            number >>= 3;
            Console.WriteLine(number);
        }
    }
}

输出：

后续教程将详细讲解Lambda表达式。

精通C#变量与基础数据类型：完整指南掌握 C# 运算符优先级与结合性：实战指南

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