Arduino 8×8 LED 矩阵贪吃蛇游戏机

项目简介

基于 Arduino UNO、MAX7219 驱动的 8×8 LED 点阵模块与模拟摇杆，复刻经典贪吃蛇游戏。蛇身随吃食增长、加速，撞墙或咬到自身游戏结束，按摇杆按键重启。代码基于 Sergey Royz 开源版本优化，增加平滑移动与游戏结束滚动字幕。

硬件清单

接线图

LED矩阵 (MAX7219)          摇杆
VCC ────── 5V              VCC ────── 5V
GND ────── GND             GND ────── GND
DIN ────── D10             VRX ────── A0
CS  ────── D9              VRY ────── A1
CLK ────── D8              SW  ────── D2

核心代码逻辑

• init_game()：初始化蛇身位置（中间 3 格）、食物随机坐标、初始方向向左
• advance()：计算新头部坐标，边界/自碰撞判定，吃食增长并重置食物
• readControls()：读取摇杆 ADC 值映射为 -1/0/1，防止 180° 掉头
• showGameOverMessage()：从 PROGMEM 读取 8×90 点阵字模滚动显示 "GAME OVER"
• 主循环 loop() 每 ADVANCE_DELAY=20ms 推进一帧，约 50 FPS

完整代码

/** Snake - 经典贪吃蛇 on 8x8 LED Matrix
 *  23 Jun 2016 by Sergey Royz & hunter Buzzell */
#include <LedControl.h>

#define VRX A0
#define VRY A1
#define SW  2
#define CLK 8
#define CS  9
#define DIN 10
#define SIZE 8
#define ADVANCE_DELAY 20

int snake[SIZE*SIZE][2];
int length;
int food[2], v[2];
bool is_game_over = false;
long current_time, prev_advance;
int blink_count;
const short messageSpeed = 5;

LedControl lc = LedControl(DIN, CLK, CS, 1);

void init_game() {
  prev_advance = current_time = 0;
  blink_count = 3;
  int half = SIZE / 2;
  length = SIZE / 3;
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    snake[i][0] = half - 1;
    snake[i][1] = half + i;
  }
  food[0] = half + 1; food[1] = half - 1;
  v[0] = 0; v[1] = -1;
}

void render() {
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
    lc.setLed(0, snake[i][0], snake[i][1], 1);
  lc.setLed(0, food[0], food[1], 1);
}

void clearScreen() {
  for (int x = 0; x < SIZE; x++)
    for (int y = 0; y < SIZE; y++)
      lc.setLed(0, x, y, 0);
}

bool advance() {
  int head[2] = {snake[0][0] + v[0], snake[0][1] + v[1]};
  if (head[0] < 0 || head[0] >= SIZE || head[1] < 0 || head[1] >= SIZE) {
    delay(1000); showGameOverMessage(); return true;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
    if (snake[i][0] == head[0] && snake[i][1] == head[1]) {
      delay(1000); showGameOverMessage(); return true;
    }
  bool grow = (head[0] == food[0] && head[1] == food[1]);
  if (grow) {
    length++;
    randomSeed(current_time);
    food[0] = random(SIZE); food[1] = random(SIZE);
  }
  for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    snake[i+1][0] = snake[i][0];
    snake[i+1][1] = snake[i][1];
  }
  snake[0][0] += v[0]; snake[0][1] += v[1];
  return false;
}

void setup() {
  pinMode(SW, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(VRX, INPUT); pinMode(VRY, INPUT);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(SW), restart, RISING);
  lc.shutdown(0, false);
  lc.setIntensity(0, 8);
  init_game(); render();
}

void loop() {
  if (!is_game_over) {
    clearScreen(); render();
    if (current_time - prev_advance > ADVANCE_DELAY) {
      is_game_over = advance();
      prev_advance = current_time;
    }
  } else {
    while (blink_count-- > 0) {
      clearScreen(); delay(300);
      render(); delay(300);
    }
  }
  readControls();
  current_time++;
}

void restart() { init_game(); is_game_over = false; }

void readControls() {
  int dx = map(analogRead(VRX), 0, 906, 2, -2);
  int dy = map(analogRead(VRY), 0, 906, -2, 2);
  if (dx != 0) dx = dx / abs(dx);
  if (dy != 0) dy = dy / abs(dy);
  if (dy != 0 && v[0] != 0) { v[0] = 0; v[1] = dy; }
  if (dx != 0 && v[1] != 0) { v[0] = dx; v[1] = 0; }
}

// PROGMEM 存储 "GAME OVER" 滚动字模 (8x90)
const PROGMEM bool gameOverMessage[8][90] = { ... };

void showGameOverMessage() {
  for (int d = 0; d < sizeof(gameOverMessage[0]) - 7; d++) {
    for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
      delay(messageSpeed);
      for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++)
        lc.setLed(0, row, col, pgm_read_byte(&gameOverMessage[row][col+d]));
    }
  }
}

扩展玩法

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