3D 打印的风险

每一天 3D 打印 在工业层面和国内层面都更加普遍，这促进了许多应用的发展 在众多领域。在媒体层面，只有技术的优势突出，但必须采取某些预防措施 在开始涉足 3D 打印领域时考虑在内。

但是每个用户都必须考虑到 3D 打印过程中可能发生的某些风险。两个主要且更常见的风险来源一方面是材料融合过程中释放的气体，另一方面是滥用 3D 打印机或电子设备状况不佳可能引起的火源。

下面，我们详细介绍主要的风险来源，以及避免出现重大问题的注意事项：

释放的气体和气味

3D FDM / FFF 打印中使用的所有材料都是塑料或包含一些这种材料。此时我们将重点关注三种最常见的：PLA、ABS 和 HIPS。

ABS 和 HIPS 是两种在 3D 打印中应用非常广泛的材料 而且，将它们组合使用也很常见，HIPS 作为支撑材料（溶解在 D-柠檬烯中）和 ABS 作为基础材料。这两种材料都有一个缺点，即在它们的融合过程中释放出的 苯乙烯量是大气中存在量的 20 倍 , 变得致癌 以防这些排放的气体长时间呼吸。

PLA 是一种易于在任何 3D 打印机上打印的材料 因此，它是所有现有 3D 打印材料中最通用的。关于产生的废物，释放丙交酯 ，一种不会出现上述ABS问题的元素，也不会影响人的健康 .

此外，工业 3D 打印机还集成了 HEPA 过滤器 ，是一种符合高标准的高效空气过滤器。因此，如果您没有配备 HEP​​A 过滤器的封闭式 3D 打印机，主要建议是保持打印场所通风良好 （必须小心处理草稿，因为它们会导致开放式 3D 打印机出现可怕的翘曲和开裂效果）。

因此，在家居环境中，只要符合机械性能，打印不散发气味的灯丝是可取的。

可能的火源

Image 1:Possible fire sources

At this point we must take into account first of all that 3D printers that don't have the CE mark (European Certificate) don't pass any quality control , something that can become very dangerous in the event of a failure.

Electricity

It must be taken into account that the characteristics of the electrical network to which the 3D printer is connected must be exactly those indicated on the machine:230 Vac, 50Hz. In addition, attention should be paid to where the 3D printer connects. If it's fed from a terminal strip with more consumers, it can cause fuses to blow or the protections of the installation to skip. Therefore, the characteristics of the line must be checked before connection . When cleaning the 3D printer, always disconnect the 3D printer from the electrical outlets to avoid accidental contacts.

Electronics

The use of quality electronic components , as well as cables with the appropriate section is crucial to avoid excess temperatures that can lead to the fire of the 3D printer itself and this, in turn, of everything that is around it. Another possible problem that can also cause a fire is that the temperature sensor comes out of its housing and the heating cartridge raises its temperature to the maximum, melting the elements that are around it and can cause fire.

Hot parts

Sometimes by inertia or forgetfulness you tend to put your hand inside the 3D printer while it's still hot, which can cause severe burns to the skin . We mustn't forget that the operation of a 3D printer is based on the principle of polymer melting, which implies a high temperature in the heating elements.

In addition, the fact that the 3D printer is switched off or unplugged after finishing an impression doesn't imply that the heating elements are cold, so it shouldn't be touched until enough time has passed.

Mobile parts

For the movement of the 3 axes, as well as that of the 2 extruders, electrical motors are used step by step with high torque. When you put your fingers or your hand in the areas of the shafts, spindles and belts, it can cause entrapments, bruises and wounds , as well as burns due to the heat dissipated by the motors. Therefore, we must be very careful when entering the hand inside the 3D printer , and should only be done if strictly necessary, and to be able to be with security measures to prevent further damage in the event of an accident.

Fixing spray

When applying the base fixative spray (3DLac, DimaFix or PrintaFix) it must be done outside the 3D printer since they are highly inflammable products that in contact with high temperatures or residual electric currents can cause a flame. Although it seems incredible, there have already been more than one case where a house is burned or something worse because of the wrong process.

Our particular recommendation is that at all times you have proof (especially when you have a 3D printer in a domestic environment), that this isn't a "toy", and that its operation carries associated risks. It's always better to have 3D printers with CE marking that have a closed housing and HEPA filter, and if possible in ventilated places.