从零构建 48×8 滚动 LED 矩阵显示屏：Arduino 入门指南

当时无 3D 打印条件，找木工做外壳，尺寸比预期大很多。建议用 Fusion 360 等设计紧凑外壳再 3D 打印。外壳开孔引出电源和 USB 线。

程序代码

代码见附件。核心逻辑：行扫描 + 列数据移位。代码决定滚动速度和显示内容，默认右向左滚动，稍作修改可实现其他方向。

最终效果

完成！谢谢观看 :)

完整代码

/*////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 * Arduino code to display scrolling characters on 6 or more 8x8 LED matrix.
 * Matrix count can be increased with a small code change.
 * Comments in each statement for editing.
 * Coded by Prasanth K S | Contact: kksjunior@hotmail.com
 *////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
char msg[] = "WELCOME WIZ"; // 修改显示文本
int scrollspeed = 5;        // 滚动速度 (越小越快)
int x, y;

// 列控制引脚 (74HC595)
int clockPin1 = 2;  // Clock Pin 11
int latchPin1 = 3;  // Latch Pin 12
int dataPin1 = 4;   // Data Pin 14

// 行控制引脚 (74HC595)
int clockPin2 = 5;  // Clock Pin 11
int latchPin2 = 6;  // Latch Pin 12
int dataPin2 = 7;   // Data Pin 14

// 位图缓冲: 8 行 × 7 区域 (每区域 8 列 = 1 个 8x8 模块)
byte bitmap[8][7];
int numZones = sizeof(bitmap) / 8;      // 区域数 = 模块数
int maxZoneIndex = numZones - 1;
int numCols = numZones * 8;             // 总列数

// 字库定义: 每字符 5 列，额外 2 列空白间隔
byte alphabets[][8] = {
  {0,0,0,0,0},        // @ as SPACE
  {31, 36, 68, 36, 31},       // A
  {127, 73, 73, 73, 54},      // B
  {62, 65, 65, 65, 34},       // C
  {127, 65, 65, 34, 28},      // D
  {127, 73, 73, 65, 65},      // E
  {127, 72, 72, 72, 64},      // F
  {62, 65, 65, 69, 38},       // G
  {127, 8, 8, 8, 127},        // H
  {0, 65, 127, 65, 0},        // I
  {2, 1, 1, 1, 126},          // J
  {127, 8, 20, 34, 65},       // K
  {127, 1, 1, 1, 1},          // L
  {127, 32, 16, 32, 127},     // M
  {127, 32, 16, 8, 127},      // N
  {62, 65, 65, 65, 62},       // O
  {127, 72, 72, 72, 48},      // P
  {62, 65, 69, 66, 61},       // Q
  {127, 72, 76, 74, 49},      // R
  {50, 73, 73, 73, 38},       // S
  {64, 64, 127, 64, 64},      // T
  {126, 1, 1, 1, 126},        // U
  {124, 2, 1, 2, 124},        // V
  {126, 1, 6, 1, 126},        // W
  {99, 20, 8, 20, 99},        // X
  {96, 16, 15, 16, 96},       // Y
  {67, 69, 73, 81, 97}        // Z
};

void setup() {
  pinMode(latchPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(clockPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dataPin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(latchPin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(clockPin2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dataPin2, OUTPUT);
  // 清空位图
  for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++)
    for (int zone = 0; zone <= maxZoneIndex; zone++)
      bitmap[row][zone] = 0;
}

// 刷新显示: 行扫描 + 列移位输出
void RefreshDisplay() {
  for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
    int rowbit = 1 << row;
    digitalWrite(latchPin2, LOW);
    shiftOut(dataPin2, clockPin2, MSBFIRST, rowbit);
    digitalWrite(latchPin1, LOW);
    for (int zone = maxZoneIndex; zone >= 0; zone--)
      shiftOut(dataPin1, clockPin1, MSBFIRST, bitmap[row][zone]);
    digitalWrite(latchPin1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(latchPin2, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(300);
  }
}

// 设置/清除指定像素
void Plot(int col, int row, bool isOn) {
  int zone = col / 8;
  int colBitIndex = col % 8;
  byte colBit = 1 << colBitIndex;
  if (isOn) bitmap[row][zone] |= colBit;
  else bitmap[row][zone] &= ~colBit;
}

// 逐列绘制字符、刷新、左移位图
void XProcess() {
  for (int charIndex = 0; charIndex < (sizeof(msg) - 1); charIndex++) {
    int alphabetIndex = msg[charIndex] - '@';
    if (alphabetIndex < 0) alphabetIndex = 0;
    // 每字符 5 列 + 2 列空白 = 7 列
    for (int col = 0; col < 7; col++) {
      for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
        bool isOn = 0;
        if (col < 5) isOn = bitRead(alphabets[alphabetIndex][col], 7 - row) == 1;
        Plot(numCols - 1, row, isOn); // 在最右列绘制，后续左移形成滚动
      }
      for (int refreshCount = 0; refreshCount < scrollspeed; refreshCount++)
        RefreshDisplay();
      // 位图左移一列 (右移位操作因最低位代表最左列)
      for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
        for (int zone = 0; zone < numZones; zone++) {
          bitmap[row][zone] >>= 1;
          if (zone < maxZoneIndex)
            bitWrite(bitmap[row][zone], 7, bitRead(bitmap[row][zone + 1], 0));
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void loop() {
  XProcess();
}

原理图参考

仅供参考，引脚连接请以代码注释为准。