如何使用 Arduino 和 Processing IDE 制作指南针

在这个 Arduino 项目中，我们将了解如何使用 Arduino、MEMS 磁力计和处理 IDE 制作这款外观酷炫的指南针。这是指南针的演示视频：

概览

这个项目我们只需要一个用于测量地球磁场的 MEMS 磁力计、一个 Arduino 板和一些跳线。作为示例，我将使用 HMC5883L，这是一款集成在 GY-80 分线板上的 3 轴磁力计。

指南针的工作原理

Arduino 部分

首先，我们需要使用 Arduino 板通过 I2C 协议从传感器获取数据。然后使用传感器的 X - 轴和 Y - 轴值，我们将计算航向并通过串行端口将其值发送到处理 IDE。以下代码将完成这项工作：

/*   Arduino Compass 
 *      
 *  by Dejan Nedelkovski, 
 *  www.HowToMechatronics.com
 *  
 */

#include <Wire.h> //I2C Arduino Library

#define Magnetometer_mX0 0x03  
#define Magnetometer_mX1 0x04  
#define Magnetometer_mZ0 0x05  
#define Magnetometer_mZ1 0x06  
#define Magnetometer_mY0 0x07  
#define Magnetometer_mY1 0x08  


int mX0, mX1, mX_out;
int mY0, mY1, mY_out;
int mZ0, mZ1, mZ_out;

float heading, headingDegrees, headingFiltered, declination;

float Xm,Ym,Zm;


#define Magnetometer 0x1E //I2C 7bit address of HMC5883

void setup(){
  //Initialize Serial and I2C communications
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin();
  delay(100);
  
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); 
  Wire.write(0x02); // Select mode register
  Wire.write(0x00); // Continuous measurement mode
  Wire.endTransmission();
}

void loop(){
 
  //---- X-Axis
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device
  Wire.write(Magnetometer_mX1);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1); 
  if(Wire.available()<=1)   
  {
    mX0 = Wire.read();
  }
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device
  Wire.write(Magnetometer_mX0);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1); 
  if(Wire.available()<=1)   
  {
    mX1 = Wire.read();
  }

  //---- Y-Axis
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device
  Wire.write(Magnetometer_mY1);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1); 
  if(Wire.available()<=1)   
  {
    mY0 = Wire.read();
  }
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device
  Wire.write(Magnetometer_mY0);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1); 
  if(Wire.available()<=1)   
  {
    mY1 = Wire.read();
  }
  
  //---- Z-Axis
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device
  Wire.write(Magnetometer_mZ1);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1); 
  if(Wire.available()<=1)   
  {
    mZ0 = Wire.read();
  }
  Wire.beginTransmission(Magnetometer); // transmit to device
  Wire.write(Magnetometer_mZ0);
  Wire.endTransmission();
  Wire.requestFrom(Magnetometer,1); 
  if(Wire.available()<=1)   
  {
    mZ1 = Wire.read();
  }
  
  //---- X-Axis
  mX1=mX1<<8;
  mX_out =mX0+mX1; // Raw data
  // From the datasheet: 0.92 mG/digit
  Xm = mX_out*0.00092; // Gauss unit
  //* Earth magnetic field ranges from 0.25 to 0.65 Gauss, so these are the values that we need to get approximately.

  //---- Y-Axis
  mY1=mY1<<8;
  mY_out =mY0+mY1;
  Ym = mY_out*0.00092;

  //---- Z-Axis
  mZ1=mZ1<<8;
  mZ_out =mZ0+mZ1;
  Zm = mZ_out*0.00092;
  // ==============================
  //Calculating Heading
  heading = atan2(Ym, Xm);
 
  // Correcting the heading with the declination angle depending on your location
  // You can find your declination angle at: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag-web/
  // At my location it's 4.2 degrees => 0.073 rad
  declination = 0.073; 
  heading += declination;
  
  // Correcting when signs are reveresed
  if(heading <0) heading += 2*PI;

  // Correcting due to the addition of the declination angle
  if(heading > 2*PI)heading -= 2*PI;

  headingDegrees = heading * 180/PI; // The heading in Degrees unit

  // Smoothing the output angle / Low pass filter 
  headingFiltered = headingFiltered*0.85 + headingDegrees*0.15;

  //Sending the heading value through the Serial Port to Processing IDE
  Serial.println(headingFiltered);

  
  delay(50);
}Code language: Arduino (arduino)

如果您需要详细了解 MEMS 磁力计的工作原理以及如何从中获取数据，可以查看我的 MEMS 传感器教程。

处理IDE部分

这里首先我们需要接收来自串行端口的航向值。有关如何完成此操作的更多详细信息，您可以查看我的 Arduino 和处理教程。

指南针实际上是一个图像，或者更准确地说，它由加载到 Processing IDE 中的多个透明图像组成。图像位于草图的工作目录中。在使用 image() 函数在 draw() 部分定义图像对象后，我们加载背景图像（这是可选的，您可以只为背景使用简单的颜色）。然后加载指南针图像，该图像使用 rotateZ() 函数随航向值旋转。在它们的顶部加载了指南针箭头图像。

这是处理IDE代码：

/*   Arduino Compass 
 *      
 *  by Dejan Nedelkovski, 
 *  www.HowToMechatronics.com
 *  
 */
 
import processing.serial.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.IOException;

Serial myPort;
PImage imgCompass;
PImage imgCompassArrow;
PImage background;

String data="";
float heading;

void setup() {
  size (1920, 1080, P3D);
  smooth();
  imgCompass = loadImage("Compass.png");
  imgCompassArrow = loadImage("CompassArrow.png");
  background = loadImage("Background.png");
  
  myPort = new Serial(this, "COM4", 115200); // starts the serial communication
  myPort.bufferUntil('\n');
}

void draw() {
  
  image(background,0, 0); // Loads the Background image
    
  pushMatrix();
  translate(width/2, height/2, 0); // Translates the coordinate system into the center of the screen, so that the rotation happen right in the center
  rotateZ(radians(-heading)); // Rotates the Compass around Z - Axis 
  image(imgCompass, -960, -540); // Loads the Compass image and as the coordinate system is relocated we need need to set the image at -960x, -540y (half the screen size)
  popMatrix(); // Brings coordinate system is back to the original position 0,0,0
  
  image(imgCompassArrow,0, 0); // Loads the CompassArrow image which is not affected by the rotateZ() function because of the popMatrix() function
  textSize(30);
  text("Heading: " + heading,40,40); // Prints the value of the heading on the screen

  delay(40);
  
}

// starts reading data from the Serial Port
 void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { 
  
   data = myPort.readStringUntil('\n');// reads the data from the Serial Port and puts it into the String variable "data".
  
  heading = float(data); // Convering the the String value into Float value
}
Code language: Arduino (arduino)

您可以在此处下载项目文件、图片和源代码：

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