MATLAB 字符串完全指南：创建、拼接、元胞数组与常用函数

MATLAB 中字符串本质为字符数组。创建简单：

my_string = 'Tutorials Point'

用 whos 查看：1×16 char，占 32 字节。

可用 uint8/uint16 转 ASCII 码，char 还原：

my_string = 'Tutorial''s Point';
str_ascii = uint8(my_string)
char(str_ascii)
str_16bit = uint16(my_string)
char(str_16bit)

矩形字符数组

存储多行文本需矩形字符数组（各行等长）。两种垂直拼接方式：

• [] 加分号，需手动补空格对齐
• char 函数自动补齐尾部空格

doc_profile = ['Zara Ali '; 'Sr. Surgeon '; 'R N Tagore Cardiology Research Center']
doc_profile = char('Zara Ali', 'Sr. Surgeon', 'RN Tagore Cardiology Research Center')

水平拼接：

• [] 配合逗号/空格，保留尾部空格
• strcat 自动去除尾部空格

name = 'Zara Ali '; position = 'Sr. Surgeon '; worksAt = 'R N Tagore...';
profile = [name ', ' position ', ' worksAt]
profile = strcat(name, ', ', position, ', ', worksAt)

转元胞数组存储变长字符串

cellstr 将字符数组转元胞数组，灵活存储不同长度字符串：

profile = char(name, position, worksAt);
profile = cellstr(profile); disp(profile)

{ [1,1]=Zara Ali  [2,1]=Sr. Surgeon  [3,1]=R N Tagore... }

字符串函数速查表

实战示例

格式化字符串

A = pi*1000*ones(1,5);
sprintf(' %f \n %.2f \n %+.2f \n %12.2f \n %012.2f \n', A)

3141.592654
3141.59
+3141.59
   3141.59
000003141.59

连接字符串

str_array = {'red','blue','green','yellow','orange'};
strjoin(str_array, '-')  % red-blue-green-yellow-orange
strjoin(str_array, ',')  % red,blue,green,yellow,orange

查找替换

students = {'Zara Ali','Neha Bhatnagar',...};
new_student = strrep(students(8), 'Reva', 'Poulomi')
first_names = strtok(students)

比较字符串

str1 = 'This is test'; str2 = 'This is text';
if strcmp(str1,str2) ... else ... end

This is test and This is text are not equal